{"id":25979,"date":"2022-09-01T12:41:45","date_gmt":"2022-09-01T12:41:45","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/?page_id=25979"},"modified":"2022-09-01T12:41:57","modified_gmt":"2022-09-01T12:41:57","slug":"health-library","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/for-patients\/health-library\/","title":{"rendered":"Index"},"content":{"rendered":"
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A
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

ACB<\/strong> – aorto-coronary bypass<\/p>\n

Anemia<\/strong> – a condition without enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to the body’s tissues. The symptoms are fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, headache, faster breathing, increased heart rate. Blood examination shows decreased hemoglobin levels<\/p>\n

Antithrombotic drugs<\/strong> – medications lowering the blood clot formation risk<\/p>\n

Anticoagulation <\/strong>– also called blood dilution<\/p>\n

Aortic insufficiency<\/strong> (regurgitation, failure)- aortic valve closure failure causing blood to reentry from the aorta into the left ventricle<\/p>\n

Aortic stenosis <\/strong>– a narrowing of the aortic valve orifice that prevents blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta<\/p>\n

Arterial blood pressure<\/strong> – Blood pressure readings up to 140 (systolic, mmHg) over 90 (diastolic, mmHg (140\/90) are considered normal. For patients over 70-80 years, 150 mmHg systolic pressure is also acceptable. Higher values are called arterial hypertension. High blood pressure is classified as either\u00a0primary (essential) high blood pressure\u00a0or\u00a0secondary high blood pressure, when caused by other disease like kidney or endocrine disorders.<\/p>\n

A random low blood pressure reading, without any symptoms, is not a cause for alarm. However, when accompanied by fatigue, dizziness or briefly loss of consciousness it is called arterial hypotension and needs to be consulted by cardiologist.\u00a0 Seek cardiological consultation<\/a>.<\/p>\n

Arterial hypertension<\/strong> – a pathological blood pressure elevation over 140\/90 mmHg<\/p>\n

Atherosclerosis <\/strong>– a chronic, progressive disease, involving the inner layer of the body\u2019s great and medium arteries.\u00a0 Fat-based plaque accumulates on the inside of the arteries and causes the vessels to narrow and stiff<\/p>\n

Angiotensin II Receptor Blockers <\/strong>– antihypertensive medication<\/p>\n

ACE inhibitors <\/strong>– blockers of angiotensin converting enzyme. They are one of the main groups of arterial hypertension treatment medications<\/p>\n

AV block <\/strong>– a disturbance of the electrical impulses between the atria and ventricles. AV blockers have three degrees and the 3rd is life-threatening and requires a pacemaker implantation.<\/p>\n

AVB <\/strong>– atrium ventricular block<\/p>\n

AF <\/strong>– atrial fibrillation<\/p>\n

Atrial fibrillation <\/strong>– chaotic electrical stimulation of the atrium, with an uncoordinated muscle cells contraction<\/p>\n

Atrial flutter<\/strong> – fast, unregular and chaotic stimulation of the atriums with rate 350 \u2013 600 beats\/<\/p>\n

AVR <\/strong>– aortic valve replacement<\/p>\n

ACS <\/strong>– acute coronary syndrome<\/p>\n

AMI <\/strong>– acute myocardial infarction[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”2″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530776272282{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

B
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

B-blockers <\/strong>– heart rate reducing drugs. They are used for hypertension, heart failure, arrhythmias, ischemic heart disease treatment.<\/p>\n

Bradycardia <\/strong>– slow heart rate[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”3″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530776503651{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

C
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Cardiac arrest<\/strong> \u2013 a stop of the heart\u2019s mechanical activity, associated with loss of pulse, no breathing and loss of consciousness.<\/p>\n

Ca channel antagonist <\/strong>– drugs blocking the calcium channel in the cells. They have a vascular dilation effect and are used for hypertension treatment.<\/p>\n

Chest pain <\/strong>– when present during physical exercise but relieves with rest, usually a symptom of stable angina pectoris \u2013 one of the ischemic heart disease types. Seek cardiology consultation right away.<\/p>\n

COPD <\/strong>– chronic obstructive pulmonary disease<\/p>\n

Cholesterol<\/strong> – cholesterol is present in all human body cells. It is necessary for their appropriate function and also to produce some vital hormones.<\/p>\n

In case of elevated cholesterol levels, there is a risk of fat accumulation in the coronary artery walls, which disturbs the blood flow. This leads to an insufficiently oxygen-rich blood supply to the heart and increases the risk of myocardial infarction. The insufficient blood supply to the brain could cause a stroke. The elevated cholesterol (hypercholesterolemia) to a great extent is a preventable and curable condition. Healthy nutrition, regular physical exercise can help, \u00a0medications can also be prescribed if needed.<\/p>\n

Cardioversion<\/strong> – is a\u00a0medical procedure\u00a0by which an abnormally fast\u00a0heart rate\u00a0(tachycardia) or other\u00a0cardiac arrhythmia\u00a0is converted to a\u00a0normal rhythm\u00a0using\u00a0electricity\u00a0or\u00a0drugs.<\/p>\n

Computed tomography<\/strong> – a high resolution scanner. It is used for heart structures and coronary arteries examination<\/p>\n

Coronary arteries<\/strong> – small arteries, supplying the heart. Coronary artery occlusion leads to myocardial infarction<\/p>\n

CPR<\/strong> – cardio-pulmonary resuscitation<\/p>\n

CT<\/strong> – computed tomography[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”4″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530776533290{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

D
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Dyslipidemia<\/strong> – a disorder of lipoprotein metabolism with an imbalance between the „good” high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and „bad” low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, increasing the cardiovascular diseases risk<\/p>\n

Dilated Cardiomyopathy (DCMP)<\/strong> – a condition when the heart is enlarged leading to disturbance of its contraction and pump failure<\/p>\n

Diuretics<\/strong> – medications that stimulate the urine production. They are used to treat hypertension, heart failure, kidney disease<\/p>\n

Doppler echography<\/strong> – ultrasound, sonographic examination[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”5″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530776664033{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

E
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Electrocardiogram (ECG)<\/strong> – examination of the heart electrical activity. Electrodes are placed on the patient’s chest, arms and legs to detect the heart’s electrical impulses. It is painless.<\/p>\n

ECG stress test<\/strong> – ECG examinations are tests where a patient is tested on a\u00a0 veloergometer or treadmill with gradual resistance elevationtions, during which the patient is observed for changes in the ECG, heart rate and blood pressure. In case of ECG changes or chest pain the test is terminated.<\/p>\n

Extrasystole<\/strong> \u2013 a premature contraction of the heart, a heartbeat outside the normal rhythm<\/p>\n

Endocardium<\/strong> \u2013 The internal surface of the heart<\/p>\n

Echocardiography<\/strong> – imaging of the heart chambers and valves with ultrasound waves. It takes ca. 10-15 min and is painless[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”8″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777035085{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

H
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Heart failure (HF)<\/strong> – a pathological condition where a patient has insufficient heart power to pump blood to the rest of the body, causing insufficient oxygen supply to the tissues and metabolism disturbance.<\/p>\n

Hypercholesterolemia<\/strong> \u2013 elevated cholesterol levels in the blood plasma<\/p>\n

Holter ECG<\/strong> – device similar to mobile phone, attached to the patient for 24 hours which continuously records the hearts electrical activity<\/p>\n

HHD<\/strong> – hypertensive heart disease<\/p>\n

HCHF<\/strong> – chronic congestive heart failure[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”9″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777115492{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

I
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

ITA<\/strong> – internal thoracic artery<\/p>\n

Isheamic heart disease (IHD)<\/strong> – a condition where one or more coronary artery gets narrowed or occluded, the heart muscle does not get enough oxygen and the heart function is disturbed. IHD is one of the most common heart diseases.<\/p>\n

Isheamic cerebrum stroke (ICS)<\/strong><\/p>\n

Infective endocarditis<\/strong> – an infection of the endocardial surface of the heart. In 90 % of the cases, it is caused by a bacterial infection of streptococci\u00a0or\u00a0staphylococci. The bacteria enters the blood through different inflammatory sites in the body and reaches the endocardium.<\/p>\n

IDD<\/strong> – Insulin dependent diabetes<\/p>\n

IID<\/strong> – Insulin independent diabetes[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”10″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530086288898{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

J
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JVE<\/strong> – jugular venous edema[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”12″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777133102{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

L
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LAM<\/strong> – Lymphadenomegalia<\/p>\n

LBBB<\/strong> – left bundle branch block<\/p>\n

LDL<\/strong> – low density lipoprotein, so called \u201cbad\u201d cholesterol<\/p>\n

LPHB<\/strong> – left posterior hemiblock<\/p>\n

LAHB<\/strong> – left anterior hemiblock<\/p>\n

LAD<\/strong> – left anterior descending artery<\/p>\n

LIMA<\/strong> \u2013 left internal mammary artery[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”13″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777201163{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

M
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Myocardium <\/strong>– heart muscle<\/p>\n

Myocarditis <\/strong>– inflammation of the heart muscle (myocardium)<\/p>\n

DES <\/strong>– drug-eluting stent<\/p>\n

MVO <\/strong>– mitral valve orifice<\/p>\n

Mitral stenosis <\/strong>– mitral valve orifice stenosis, disturbing the blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle<\/p>\n

Mitral insufficiency (regurgitation, failure)<\/strong> – failure of the mitral valve closure during systole, leading to a return of blood flow from the left ventricle to the left atrium<\/p>\n

MVR <\/strong>– mitral valve replacement[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”14″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777238878{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

N
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Nitrates<\/strong> – medications (the most famous is nitroglycerine), producing nitric oxide in the blood, acting through vasodilatation and used for hypertension treatment[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”15″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777329941{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

O
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Obesity<\/strong> – the state of being excessively overweight which has an extremely negative effect on a person’s health[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”16″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777432704{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

P
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Palpitations<\/strong> \u2013 a condition of an increased heart rate. Usually the patients feel the elevated heart beats and seeks medical help. Heart palpitations are typically experienced in the chest, throat or neck. The palpitations generally disappear on their own.<\/p>\n

Pacemaker (electro cardiostimulator)<\/strong> – \u00a0a device with the size of a hand watch, implanted in the patients left or right infraclavicular region, which influences the heart rhythm. The main purpose is to support the heart’s rhythm.<\/p>\n

PECS<\/strong> – permanent electro cardio stimulator<\/p>\n

Pericarditis<\/strong> – inflammation of the pericardium (the fibrous sac surrounding the\u00a0heart)<\/p>\n

Pulmonary embolism<\/strong> – pulmonary artery blockage. Symptoms include shortness of breath and chest pain.<\/p>\n

PTE<\/strong> – pulmonary thromboembolism<\/p>\n

PWLV<\/strong> – left ventricle posterior wall[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”18″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777441054{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

R
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

RBBB<\/strong> – right bundle branch block<\/p>\n

RHR<\/strong> – regular heart rate[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”19″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777528818{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

S
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Selective coronary angiography (SCA)<\/strong> – imaging examination- the patient is injected with a contrast material, which helps determine the presence of stenosis in the heart vessels through an x-ray examination.<\/p>\n

Stress ECG (stress test)<\/strong> – a method of evaluating the condition and functional capacity of the cardiovascular system during physical exercise. It plays a major role in myocardial ischemia demonstration<\/p>\n

Syncope<\/strong> – short-term loss of consciousness due to insufficient blood supply to the brain<\/p>\n

SCAG<\/strong> – selective coronary angiography<\/p>\n

Stable angina pectoris (SAP)<\/strong> – a reoccurring short-term chest pain, caused by transient insufficient myocardial\u00a0oxygen\u00a0delivery. It is provoked by exercise\u00a0or\u00a0emotional\u00a0stress\u00a0and is relieved by rest and\/or nitroglycerin.<\/p>\n

Statins<\/strong> – medications, lowering the cholesterol levels<\/p>\n

SLN<\/strong> – superficial lymph nodes[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”20″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777565745{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

T<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Tachycardia<\/strong> – an increased heart rate<\/p>\n

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE)<\/strong> – heart muscle imaging with a device introduced in the patient\u2019s esophagus<\/p>\n

Transient ischemic attack (TIA)<\/strong> – a short term condition (minutes to hours) with neurological symptoms, caused by insufficient blood supply to different cerebrum areas<\/p>\n

Troponin T and I (TnT, TnI) <\/strong>\u2013 highly specific markers for myocardial infarction. It\u2019s evaluated \u00a0through a blood sampling.<\/p>\n

TECS<\/strong> – temporary electro cardio stimulator[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”22″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530777658788{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”]\n

V
\n<\/strong><\/h2>\n

Ventriculography<\/strong> – an examination of the heart chambers through an injection of roentgen positive substances. This allows heart chamber’s evaluation and possible defect investigation.<\/p>\n

VT<\/strong> – ventricle tachycardia<\/p>\n

Ventricle tachycardia<\/strong> – one of the most serious disorders of the heart rhythm. It is a contraction of the ventricles over 100 b\/min and causes hemodynamic collapse. It requires urgent defibrillation.<\/p>\n

Ventricle fibrillation<\/strong> – a condition, similar to ventricle flutter but waves that are chaotic (fibrillated) and different in shapes and widths . The ventricle contractions are ineffective, the blood supply is terminated and \u00a0death occurs in several minutes. Emergency electroshock is needed.<\/p>\n

Ventricle flutter<\/strong> – life-threatening arrhythmia without heart contractions, the patients loses consciousness. Emergency electroshock is needed.<\/p>\n

v.s.g<\/strong>. – vena saphena graft[\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row][vc_column][vc_column_text] [\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”22″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530087596744{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row][vc_row id=”25″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530087606710{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”][\/vc_column_text][\/vc_column][\/vc_row]\n<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

[vc_row id=”1″][vc_column][vc_column_text css=”.vc_custom_1530776256948{margin-bottom: 0px !important;}”] A ACB – aorto-coronary bypass Anemia – a condition without enough healthy red blood cells to carry adequate oxygen to the body’s tissues. The symptoms are fatigue, pale skin, dizziness, headache, faster breathing, increased heart rate. Blood examination shows decreased hemoglobin levels Antithrombotic drugs – medications lowering the blood clot […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"parent":21732,"menu_order":10,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","template":"","meta":{"footnotes":""},"class_list":["post-25979","page","type-page","status-publish","hentry"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25979","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/page"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=25979"}],"version-history":[{"count":3,"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25979\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":25982,"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/25979\/revisions\/25982"}],"up":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/pages\/21732"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/cardiacinstitute.bg\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=25979"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}